How can systemic lupus erythematosus affect a person's reproductive health?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can significantly impact a person's reproductive health, particularly during pregnancy. Women with lupus face increased risks, such as complications like preeclampsia, premature birth, and miscarriages. Furthermore, lupus activity can flare during pregnancy, posing additional risks to both the mother and the fetus. The involvement of autoantibodies, including anti-Ro and anti-La, can lead to congenital heart block in the newborn if present. Therefore, it is necessary for women with lupus to maintain close monitoring and management by healthcare providers during pregnancy to mitigate these risks.

The other options do not accurately reflect the typical effects of systemic lupus erythematosus on reproductive health. Enhancing fertility rates is not a characteristic of lupus, as the disease often poses complications rather than improvements in reproductive outcomes. There is no direct correlation between lupus and decreased menstrual cycles, and it certainly does impact reproductive health, contrary to the notion that it has no effect at all.