How do complement levels typically respond during lupus flares?

During lupus flares, complement levels typically decrease due to their consumption as part of the immune response. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by an abnormal immune response where autoantibodies target the body's own tissues. This process activates the complement system, which leads to a rapid consumption of complement proteins. As a result, during disease flares when inflammation is heightened and the immune response is activated, complement levels tend to decline.

In contrast, while some other conditions might lead to an increase or stabilization of complement levels, in the case of SLE and especially during exacerbations, the activation and subsequent consumption of complement components are directly linked to the severity of the autoimmune response. Therefore, it is expected to see a decrease in complement levels during these periods of increased disease activity.