What is a common long-term complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Renal failure is a common long-term complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to the potential for lupus nephritis, which involves inflammation of the kidneys triggered by the autoimmune nature of the disease. SLE can lead to a wide range of renal impairments, characterized by proteinuria, hematuria, and eventually diminished renal function, which can progress to chronic kidney disease and renal failure if not properly managed. This renal involvement is significant because it is closely associated with poor prognosis and contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with SLE.

The other conditions listed, though they may occur in the general population or are associated with other illnesses, are not primarily connected with SLE in the same way. Gastroesophageal reflux disease may occur in lupus patients but is not a direct complication of the disease. Hyperthyroidism is an endocrine disorder unrelated to SLE, and chronic fatigue syndrome can affect various individuals but is not specific to SLE or its long-term complications.