Which demographic is primarily affected by systemic lupus erythematosus?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predominantly affects women of childbearing age, particularly those between the ages of 15 and 45. This demographic is more susceptible to the autoimmune disorder due to a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.

Estrogen, which plays a significant role in the female reproductive system, is thought to influence the development and exacerbation of autoimmune diseases, including lupus. The peak incidence during childbearing years aligns with higher estrogen levels, highlighting the intersection of hormonal fluctuations and the disease's onset.

Moreover, women are affected at a ratio of approximately 9:1 compared to men, indicating a strong gender predisposition. Understanding this demographic is crucial for diagnosis and management, as it informs healthcare providers on who to screen more proactively for lupus-related symptoms and risks.