Which major complication is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus?

Nephritis is a major complication associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to the disease's propensity to affect multiple organ systems, including the kidneys. In SLE, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue, which can lead to inflammation of the kidneys, known as lupus nephritis. This condition can manifest as proteinuria, hematuria, and elevated creatinine levels, indicating kidney damage or dysfunction. Lupus nephritis is serious and can lead to renal failure if not properly managed, making it a critical aspect of the disease that requires ongoing monitoring and treatment.

Other options may relate to symptoms or less common complications of SLE, but they do not carry the same clinical significance or prevalence as nephritis in the context of major complications associated with the disease. For instance, while cardiomegaly and meningitis can occur in some patients, they are not as directly correlated with SLE as nephritis is. Desquamation, typically referring to skin peeling or shedding, is a cutaneous manifestation of SLE but does not represent a systemic complication. Thus, nephritis stands out as a key concern for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.